In the building materials industry, calcium formate powder with a common particle size of 13 mm is typically incorporated into ordinary cement mortar at a ratio of 0.3% to 0.8% of the cement weight, with adjustments allowed based on temperature variations. In the curtain wall construction of the Shanghai World Financial Center, the addition of 0.5% calcium formate during winter construction enabled the cement paste to achieve 108% of the reference strength within 3 days. The underlying mechanism involves the acceleration of tricalcium silicate hydrolysis to produce calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), thereby hastening solidification and crystal growth. Its antifreeze functionality stems from the osmotic pressure effect, which elevates the freezing point of the liquid phase. In northern China’s winter highway rapid repair projects, this approach has demonstrated economic benefits by reducing curing time by 55% during construction.

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